Ginsenoside Rg1 was shown to exert ligand-independent activation of estrogen receptor (ER) via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated pathway. Our study aimed to delineate the mechanisms by which Rg1 activates the rapid ER signaling pathways.
Effect of Korean red ginseng in individuals exposed to high stress levels: A 6-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
To investigate the neurobiological evidence supporting the adaptogenic effects of Korean red ginseng in reducing the harmful consequences of stress using a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
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Ginsenoside Rg3 suppresses mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation via MAPK signaling pathway
Ginsenoside Rg3 (G-Rg3) is the major bioactive ingredient of Panax ginseng and has many pharmacological effects including anti-adipogenic, anti-viral, and anti-cancer effects. However, the effect of G-Rg3 on mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation has not been investigated.
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Anti-melanogenesis and skin protective activities of Panax ginseng calyx ethanol extract
The anti-oxidant effects of Panax ginseng have been reported in several papers; however, little is known about the anti-melanogenesis effect, skin protective effect, and cellular mechanism of Panax ginseng, especially Panax ginseng calyx. To understand how an ethanol extract of P. ginseng berry calyx (Pg-C-EE) exerts skin protective effects we studied its activities in activated melanocytes and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced keratinocytes.
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Panax ginseng (Korea Red Ginseng) repairs diabetic sensorineural damage through promotion of the NGF pathway in diabetic zebrafish
Diabetic sensorineural damage is a complication of the sensory neural system, resulting from long-term hyperglycemia. Red ginseng (RG) has shown efficacy for treatment of various diseases, including diabetes mellitus; however, there is little research about its benefit for treating sensorineural damage. Therefore, we aim to evaluate RG efficacy in alloxan-induced diabetic neuromast (AIDN) zebrafish.
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Bioactivity-guided isolation of ginsenosides from Korean Red Ginseng with cytotoxic activity against human lung adenocarcinoma cells
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In this study, we used a bioactivity-guided isolation technique to identify constituents of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) with anti-proliferative activity against human lung adenocarcinoma cells.
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Production of ginsenoside aglycone (protopanaxatriol) and male sterility of transgenic tobacco co-overexpressing three Panax ginseng genes: PgDDS, CYP716A47, and CYP716A53v2
Protopanaxatriol is an aglycone of ginsenosides, which has high medicinal values. Production of protopanaxatriol (PPT) from natural ginseng plants requires artificial deglycosylation procedures of ginsenosides via enzymatic or chemo-physical treatments. Metabolic engineering could be an efficient technology for production of ginsenoside sapogenin. For PPT biosynthesis in P. ginseng, damarenediol-II synthase (PgDDS) and two cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP716A47 and CYP716A53v2) are essentially required.
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Korean ginseng extract ameliorates abnormal immune response through the regulation of inflammatory constituents in Sprague-Dawley rat subjected to environmental heat stress
Increases in the average global temperature cause heat stress-induced disorders by disrupting homeostasis. Excessive heat stress triggers an imbalance in the immune system; thus protection against heat stress is important to maintain immune homeostasis. Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) has been used as a herbal medicine and displays beneficial biological properties.
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Ginseng extracts modulate mitochondrial bioenergetics of live cardiomyoblasts: a functional comparison of different extraction solvents
Root of Panax ginseng, a member of Araliaceae family, has been used as herbal medicine and functional food in Asia for thousands of years. According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), ginseng is the most widely used “Qi-invigorating” herbs, which provides tonic and preventive effects by resisting oxidative stress, influencing energy metabolism and improving mitochondrial function. Very few reports have systematically measured cell mitochondrial bioenergetics after ginseng treatment.
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BIOGF1K, a compound K-rich fraction of ginseng, plays an anti-inflammatory role by targeting an AP-1 signaling pathway in RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells
An anti-inflammatory function of BIOGF1K was explored. BIOGF1K suppressed nitric oxide (NO) generation and mRNA expression of inflammatory genes. BIOGF1K also suppressed nuclear translocation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MAPKKs). The study suggests that BIOGF1K plays an anti-inflammatory role in macrophage.
