The mountain cultivated ginseng (MCG) and cultivated ginseng (CG) both belong to the Panax ginseng, which have similar ingredients. However, their pharmacological activities are obviously different due to the significant differences in growth environment.

This study was designed to investigate whether ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) and compound K (CK) ameliorated insulin resistance by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress)-induced inflammation in adipose tissue.

The result of USRG-12 indicates that the ultrasonication processed Red ginseng extracts (at 100°C) treated for 12 hrs produced the highest amount of ginsenoside Rg3 (0.803%), Rg5 (0.167%) and Rk1 (0.175%).

Progressed tissue culture techniques have allowed to easily obtain mass product of Tissue-Cultured Mountain Ginseng over 100 years old (TCMG-100). We investigated the effects of TCMG-100 extract on erectile function by in vitro and in vivo studies.