To investigate the effect of pectinase-treated Panax ginseng (GINST) in in vitro and in vivo male subfertility experimental models.

Estrogen signaling pathways are modulated by exogenous factors. Panax ginseng exerts multiple activities in biological systems and is classified as an adaptogen. Zearalenol is a potent mycoestrogen that may be present in herbs and crops arising from contamination or endophytic association. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of Panax ginseng, zearalenol and estradiol in tests on spermatozoal function.

Extraction conditions greatly affect the composition as well as biological activity. Therefore, optimization is essential for maximum efficacy.

Ginsenosides are considered to be the major effective ingredients responsible for their pharmacological effects. Malonyl ginsenosides are natural ginsenosides that contain a malonyl group attached to a glucose unit of the corresponding neutral ginsenosides.

Ginsenoside Rg3 and arginine-fructose (Arg-Fru) are known as the hypotensive compounds of Panax ginseng, however, their efficacy on antihypertension has not been reported yet to our best knowledge. Thus, hypotensive components-enriched fraction of red ginseng (HCEF-RG) was prepared from fine root concentrate (FR) and their antihypertensive effects were investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Panax ginseng roots have been used in Oriental traditional medicine for human health. Its main active components, such as saponins and polysaccharides, have been widely evaluated for treatment of diseases, but the secondary active components, such as oligosaccharides, were rarely studied. This study aimed to assess the impact of water-soluble ginseng oligosaccharides (WGOS), which are isolated from warm-water extract of Panax ginseng roots and its components were confirmed, on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice and its anti-neuroinflammatory mechanisms.

Among ginseng strains, Shizhu ginseng is particular to China, mainly distributed in Manchu Automonous County of Kuandian, Liaoning Province, however, the identification of Shizhu ginseng was less developed.

Korea Red Ginseng (KRG) has been known as a natural product with anticarcinogenic and antioxidant effect. We evaluated the anti-fatigue effect of KRG in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).