Induction of FOXO3a and apoptosis by a standardized ginsenoside formulation KG-135 is potentiated by autophagy blockade in A549 human lung cancer cells

KG-135, a standardized formulation enriched with Rk1, Rg3, Rg5, had been shown to inhibit various types of cancer cells but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We explore its effects in A549 human lung cancer cells to investigate the induction of FOXO3a and autophagy.