Our results suggested that thermal stress can lead to activation of hippocampal cell damage and reduction of memory-associated molecules in HT22 cells. These finding also provide a part of molecular rationale for the role of Rg5 as a potent cognitive impairment preventive compound in blocking the initiation of hippocampal damage.

The temperature is an essential condition in Red ginseng processing. Pharmacological activities of Red ginseng in different steam temperature are significantly different.

Recently, the protein from ginseng has been studied and used for the treatment of several kinds of diseases. However, the effect of ginseng total protein (GTP) on proliferation and wound-healing in fibroblast cells still remains unclear.

Extended endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may initiate apoptotic pathways in cancer cells, and ER stress has been reported to possibly increase tumor death in cancer therapy. We previously reported that caspase-8 played an important role in compound K-induced apoptosis via activation of caspase-3 directly or indirectly through Bid cleavage, cytochrome c release, and caspase-9 activation in HL-60 human leukemia cells. The mechanisms leading to apoptosis in A549 and SK-MES-1 human lung cancer cells and the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress have not yet been understood.