The study was done to assess the genetic variability present in Ashwagandha and to examine the nature of associations of various traits to the root yield of the plant.

Prenyltransferases catalyze the sequential addition of IPP units to allylic prenyl diphosphate acceptors and are classified as either trans-prenyltransferases (TPTs) or cis-prenyltransferases (CPTs). The functions of CPTs have been relatively well characterized in bacteria, yeast, and mammals compared to that of in plants. The characterization of CPTs also has been less studied than TPTs. In this present study, molecular cloning and functional characterization of a CPT from a medicinal plant, Panax ginseng Mayer are addressed.

Previously, we reported Korean Red Ginseng inhibited liver fibrosis in mice and reduced the expressions of fibrogenic genes in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The present study was undertaken to identify the major ginsenoside responsible for reducing numbers of HSCs and the underlying mechanism involved.

Ginseng effectively regulates the immune response and the hormonal changes due to stress, thus maintaining homeostasis. In addition to suppressing the occurrence of psychological diseases such as anxiety and depression, ginseng also prevents stress-associated physiological diseases. Recent findings have revealed that ginseng is involved in adjusting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and controlling hormones, thus producing beneficial effects on the heart and brain, and in cases of bone diseases, as well as alleviating erectile dysfunction.

Ginsenosides are active components of Panax ginseng that exert various health benefits including kidney protection effect. The medicinal activity of ginsenosides can be enhanced by modulating their stereospecificity by heat processing. Ginsenosides Rk2 and Rh3 represent positional isomers of the double bond at C-20(21) or C-20(22).

Ginseng has gained its popularity as an adaptogen since ancient days due to their triterpenoid saponins, known as ginsenosides. These triterpenoid saponins are unique and classified as protopanaxatriol and protopanaxadiol saponins based on their glycosylation patterns. It shows many protective roles in humans and is of intense research to understand their efficacy at the molecular aspect in various disorders. Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 are the most abundant ginsenosides present in ginseng roots, and they confer the pharmacological property of it while ginsenoside Rg3 is abundantly present in the Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) preparation, which is highly known for its anti-cancer effect.

Red ginseng oil (RGO) is produced by supercritical CO2 extraction of secondary products derived from Korean red ginseng extract. As the use of RGO has increased, product safety concerns have become more important.

Panax notoginseng leaves (PNL) exhibit the extensive activities, but few analytical methods were established to exclusively determine the dammarane triterpene saponins in PNL.

Recent studies revealed that the property of traditional Chinese medicine is mostly associated with the substance and energy metabolism. Our study was to compare the effect of red ginseng (warm property) and ginseng leaves (cold property) on the substance and energy metabolism in hypothyroidism rats.