AD-2 (20(R)-dammarane-3b, 12b, 20, 25-tetrol; 25-OH-PPD) is a ginsenoside and isolated from P. ginseng, showing anticancer activity against extensive human cancer cell lines. In this study, effects and mechanisms of 1C ((20R)-3b-O-(L-alanyl)-dammarane-12b, 20, 25-triol), a modified version of AD-2, were evaluated for its development as a novel anticancer drug.

Saponins from Panax japonicus (SPJ) are the most abundant and main active components of Panax japonicus, which replaces Ginseng roots in treatment for many kinds of diseases in minority ethnic group in China. Our previous studies have demonstrated that SPJ has the effects of anti-inflammation through MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway. The present study was designed to investigate whether SPJ can modulate intestine TJ barrier in aging rats and further to explore the potential mechanism.

Ginsenosides have been reported with many health benefits, including anti-inflammatory effects and the resolution of inflammation is now considered to be an active process driven by M2 type macrophages. In order to determine whether ginsenosides modulate macrophage phenotypes to reduce inflammation, 11 ginsenosides were studied with respect to macrophage polarization and the resolution of inflammation.