Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is an ethnopharmacological plant that is traditionally used to improve the body’s immune functions and ameliorate the symptoms of various diseases. However, the anti-tumorigenic effects of KRG and its underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are not fully understood in terms of its individual components. In this study, in vitro and in vivo anti-tumorigenic activities of KRG were explored in water extract (WE), saponin fraction (SF), and non-saponin fraction (NSF).

In general, after Panax ginseng is administered orally, intestinal microbes play a crucial role in its degradation and metabolization process. Studies on the metabolism of Panax ginseng by microflora are important for obtaining a better understanding of their biological effects.

Chronic liver disease (CLD), one of the most common diseases, typically arises from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease, chronic viral hepatitis, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, there is a pressing need for improved treatment strategies. Korean red ginseng (KRG) has been known to have positive effects on liver disease and liver function. In this paper, we summarize the current knowledge on the beneficial effects of KRG on CLD, a condition encompassing NAFLD, alcoholic liver disease, chronic viral hepatitis, and HCC, as supported by experimental evaluation and clinical investigation.