Root of Panax ginseng, a member of Araliaceae family, has been used as herbal medicine and functional food in Asia for thousands of years. According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), ginseng is the most widely used “Qi-invigorating” herbs, which provides tonic and preventive effects by resisting oxidative stress, influencing energy metabolism and improving mitochondrial function. Very few reports have systematically measured cell mitochondrial bioenergetics after ginseng treatment.

An anti-inflammatory function of BIOGF1K was explored. BIOGF1K suppressed nitric oxide (NO) generation and mRNA expression of inflammatory genes. BIOGF1K also suppressed nuclear translocation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MAPKKs). The study suggests that BIOGF1K plays an anti-inflammatory role in macrophage.