Ginsenosides are not only the principal bioactive components, but also the important indexes to the quality assessment of Panax ginseng Meyer. Their contents in cultivated ginseng vary with the growth environment and age. The present study aimed at evaluating the significant difference between 36 cultivated ginseng of different cultivation areas and ages based on the simultaneously determined contents of 14 ginsenosides.
Category Archives: General
General posts.
Bioactive lipids in gintonin-enriched fraction from ginseng
Ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine for human health. Ginseng contains a bioactive ligand named gintonin. The active ingredient of gintonin is lysophosphatidic acid C18:2 (LPA C18:2). We previously developed a method for gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) preparation to mass-produce gintonin from ginseng. However, previous studies did not show the presence of other bioactive lipids besides LPAs. The aim of this study was to quantify the fatty acids, lysophospholipids (LPLs), and phospholipids (PLs) besides LPAs in GEF.
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Korean red ginseng enhances pneumococcal Δpep27 vaccine efficacy by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production
Streptococcus pneumoniae, more than 90 serotypes of which exist, is recognized as an etiologic agent of pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Immunization with a pneumococcal pep27 mutant (Δpep27) has been shown to confer comprehensive, long-term protection against even non-typeable strains. However, Δpep27 is only effective as a vaccine after at least 3 rounds of immunization. Therefore, treatments capable of enhancing the efficiency of Δpep27 immunization should be identified without delay.
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Roles of ginsenosides in inflammasome activation
Inflammation is an innate immune response that protect the body from pathogens, toxins, and other dangers and initiated by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) expressing on or in immune cells. Intracellular PRRs, including nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), and cysteine aspartate-specific protease (caspase)-4/5/11 recognize various PAMPs and DAMPs and assemble protein complexes called ‘inflammasomes’.
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Differentiation and identification of ginsenoside structural isomers by two-dimensional mass spectrometry combined with statistical analysis
In the current phytochemical research on ginseng, the differentiation and structural identification of ginsenosides isomers remain challenging. In this paper, a two-dimensional mass spectrometry (2D-MS) method was developed and combined with statistical analysis for the direct differentiation, identification and relative quantification of protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenoside isomers.
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Synergistic effect of maclurin on ginsenoside compound K induced inhibition of the transcriptional expression of MMP-1 in HaCaT human keratinocyte cells
The synergistic effect of maclurin on CK-induced inhibition of the transcriptional expression of MMP-1 was investigated in HaCaT human keratinocyte cells. Maclurin suppresses transcriptional expression of MMP-1 via inhibition of ERK/Ets-1 signaling. The combination of CK and maclurin may be promising way to be used as an anti-skin aging agent.
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Chemical and bioactive comparison of Panax notoginseng root and rhizome in raw and steamed forms
The root and rhizome are historically and officially utilized as medicinal parts of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (PN), which in raw and steamed forms are differently used in practice.
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Comparing eight types of ginsenosides in ginseng of different plant ages and regions using RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS
This article aims to compare and analyze the contents of ginsenosides in ginseng with different plant ages from different localities in China.
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Pharmacological and medical applications of ginseng and ginsenosides: A review for use in cardiovascular diseases
Panax ginseng, also called Asian or Korean ginseng, has long been traditionally used in Korea and China to treat various diseases. The major active ingredients of Panax ginseng are ginsenosides, which have been shown to have a variety of therapeutic effects, including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, vasorelaxation, antiallergic, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer. To date, approximately 40 ginsenoside components have been reported. Current research is concentrating on using a single ginseng compound, one of the ginsenosides, instead of the total ginseng compounds, to determine the mechanisms of ginseng and ginsenosides.
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Dynamic changes of multi-notoginseng stem-leaf ginsenosides in reaction by a ginsenosidase type-I
Notoginseng stem-leaf ginsenosides did not be well used. To improve the utilization, the biotransformation of notoginseng stem-leaf ginsenosides was studied using ginsenosidase type-I from Aspergillus niger g.848.
