Panax ginseng, also called Asian or Korean ginseng, has long been traditionally used in Korea and China to treat various diseases. The major active ingredients of Panax ginseng are ginsenosides, which have been shown to have a variety of therapeutic effects, including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, vasorelaxation, antiallergic, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer. To date, approximately 40 ginsenoside components have been reported. Current research is concentrating on using a single ginseng compound, one of the ginsenosides, instead of the total ginseng compounds, to determine the mechanisms of ginseng and ginsenosides.

Notoginseng stem-leaf ginsenosides did not be well used. To improve the utilization, the biotransformation of notoginseng stem-leaf ginsenosides was studied using ginsenosidase type-I from Aspergillus niger g.848.

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the chronic inflammatory liver diseases and a leading cause of advanced liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The main purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of GBCK25 fermented by Saccharomyces servazzii GB-07 and pectinase, on NASH severity in mice.

Oxidative stress induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play important causative roles in various pathological conditions. Black ginseng, a type of steam-processed ginseng, has drawn significant attention due to its biological activity, is more potent than that of white or red ginseng.