Panax ginseng, also called Asian or Korean ginseng, has long been traditionally used in Korea and China to treat various diseases. The major active ingredients of Panax ginseng are ginsenosides, which have been shown to have a variety of therapeutic effects, including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, vasorelaxation, antiallergic, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer. To date, approximately 40 ginsenoside components have been reported. Current research is concentrating on using a single ginseng compound, one of the ginsenosides, instead of the total ginseng compounds, to determine the mechanisms of ginseng and ginsenosides.

Notoginseng stem-leaf ginsenosides did not be well used. To improve the utilization, the biotransformation of notoginseng stem-leaf ginsenosides was studied using ginsenosidase type-I from Aspergillus niger g.848.

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the chronic inflammatory liver diseases and a leading cause of advanced liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The main purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of GBCK25 fermented by Saccharomyces servazzii GB-07 and pectinase, on NASH severity in mice.

Oxidative stress induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play important causative roles in various pathological conditions. Black ginseng, a type of steam-processed ginseng, has drawn significant attention due to its biological activity, is more potent than that of white or red ginseng.

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) caused vascular endothelial cell inflammatory response and apoptosis, acts as an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis (AS). Ginsenoside compound K (CK), a metabolite produced by hydrolysis of the ginsenoside Rb1, owns strong anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether CK protects ox-LDL-damaged endothelial cell and the potential mechanisms has not be elucidated.

Panax ginseng has long been used since ancient times based on Traditional Asian Medicine theory and clinical experiences, and currently, is one of the most popular herbs in the world. To date, most of the studies with P. ginseng have focused on specific mechanism of actions of individual constituents. However, in spite of many studies on the molecular mechanisms of P. ginseng, it still remains unclear how multiple active ingredients of P. ginseng interact with multiple targets simultaneously, giving the multidimensional effects on various conditions and diseases.

Ginsenosides are known as the principal pharmacological active constituents in Panax medicinal plants such as Asian ginseng, American ginseng and Notoginseng. Some of the ginsenosides, especially the 20(R) isomers, are trace in natural source and difficult to be chemically synthesized. The present study provides an approach to produce such trace ginsenosides applying biotransformation through E.coli modified with relevent genes.

Excessive stress will cause varied physiological and psychological disorders including male reproductive problems. Here, we tend to investigate the protective effects of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer; KRG) against sub-acute immobilization stress-induced testicular damage in experimental rats.

Ginsenosides with fewer sugar moieties may exhibit better adsorptive capacity and more pharmacological activities.