Inflammation is an innate immune response that protect the body from pathogens, toxins, and other dangers and initiated by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) expressing on or in immune cells. Intracellular PRRs, including nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), and cysteine aspartate-specific protease (caspase)-4/5/11 recognize various PAMPs and DAMPs and assemble protein complexes called ‘inflammasomes’.
Differentiation and identification of ginsenoside structural isomers by two-dimensional mass spectrometry combined with statistical analysis
In the current phytochemical research on ginseng, the differentiation and structural identification of ginsenosides isomers remain challenging. In this paper, a two-dimensional mass spectrometry (2D-MS) method was developed and combined with statistical analysis for the direct differentiation, identification and relative quantification of protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenoside isomers.
Share this:
Synergistic effect of maclurin on ginsenoside compound K induced inhibition of the transcriptional expression of MMP-1 in HaCaT human keratinocyte cells
The synergistic effect of maclurin on CK-induced inhibition of the transcriptional expression of MMP-1 was investigated in HaCaT human keratinocyte cells. Maclurin suppresses transcriptional expression of MMP-1 via inhibition of ERK/Ets-1 signaling. The combination of CK and maclurin may be promising way to be used as an anti-skin aging agent.
Share this:
Chemical and bioactive comparison of Panax notoginseng root and rhizome in raw and steamed forms
The root and rhizome are historically and officially utilized as medicinal parts of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (PN), which in raw and steamed forms are differently used in practice.
Share this:
Comparing eight types of ginsenosides in ginseng of different plant ages and regions using RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS
This article aims to compare and analyze the contents of ginsenosides in ginseng with different plant ages from different localities in China.
Share this:
Pharmacological and medical applications of ginseng and ginsenosides: A review for use in cardiovascular diseases
Panax ginseng, also called Asian or Korean ginseng, has long been traditionally used in Korea and China to treat various diseases. The major active ingredients of Panax ginseng are ginsenosides, which have been shown to have a variety of therapeutic effects, including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, vasorelaxation, antiallergic, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer. To date, approximately 40 ginsenoside components have been reported. Current research is concentrating on using a single ginseng compound, one of the ginsenosides, instead of the total ginseng compounds, to determine the mechanisms of ginseng and ginsenosides.
Share this:
Dynamic changes of multi-notoginseng stem-leaf ginsenosides in reaction by a ginsenosidase type-I
Notoginseng stem-leaf ginsenosides did not be well used. To improve the utilization, the biotransformation of notoginseng stem-leaf ginsenosides was studied using ginsenosidase type-I from Aspergillus niger g.848.
Share this:
Fermented ginseng, GBCK25 ameliorates steatosis and inflammation in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model.
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the chronic inflammatory liver diseases and a leading cause of advanced liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The main purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of GBCK25 fermented by Saccharomyces servazzii GB-07 and pectinase, on NASH severity in mice.
Share this:
Ameliorative Effect of Black Ginseng Extract against Oxidative Stress-induced Cellular Damages in Mouse Hepatocytes
Oxidative stress induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play important causative roles in various pathological conditions. Black ginseng, a type of steam-processed ginseng, has drawn significant attention due to its biological activity, is more potent than that of white or red ginseng.
Share this:
Ginsenoside compound K protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells against oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced injury via inhibition of the NF-κB and p38, JNK MAPK pathways
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) caused vascular endothelial cell inflammatory response and apoptosis, acts as an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis (AS). Ginsenoside compound K (CK), a metabolite produced by hydrolysis of the ginsenoside Rb1, owns strong anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether CK protects ox-LDL-damaged endothelial cell and the potential mechanisms has not be elucidated.
