Ginsenoside Rk1 ameliorates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice through inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, nitrative stress and apoptosis

Frequent overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) has become the major cause of acute liver injury (ALI). The present study was designed to evaluate the potential protective effects of ginsenoside Rk1 on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and investigate the underlying mechanisms for the first time.

Fermentation of red ginseng extract by the probiotic KCCM 11613P: Ginsenoside conversion and antioxidant effects

Ginsenosides, which are bioactive components in ginseng, can be converted to smaller size compounds for improvement of their pharmacological activities. The conversion methods include heating; acid, alkali, and enzymatic treatment; and microbial conversion. The aim of this study was to determine the bioconversion of ginsenosides in fermented red ginseng extract (FRGE).

The protective Effect of Ultrasonication-Processed Ginseng Berry Extract on the D-GalN/LPS-induced Liver Injury Model in Rats

s: Acute hepatic failure (ALF) is life-threatening critical condition in which rapid deterioration of liver function and liver transplantation. Several studies have showed that Panax Ginseng Mayer has antidiabetic and hepatoprotective effect. However, the hepatoprotective effect of ginseng berry is still unveiled. In this study, we evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of ultrasonication processed ginseng berry extract (UGBE) on ALF model in rats.

Effects of fermented black ginseng on wound healing mediated by angiogenesis through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Fermented black ginseng (FBG) is produced through several cycles of steam treatment of raw ginseng, at which point its color turns black. During this process, the original ginsenoside components of raw ginseng (e.g., Re, Rg1, Rb1, Rc, and Rb2) are altered, and less-polar ginsenosides are generated (e.g., Rg3, Rg5, Rk1, and Rh4). The aim of this study was to inquire into the effect of FBG on wound healing.